Ukomisa amandla omhlaba, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba likhuphuka, ukongiwa kwamandla omuntu kanye nokuqaphela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyaqina kancane kancane, nomqondo wokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo imboni ye-LED iyachuma, emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke imboni ye-LED ibonakala isiwukukhanya komhlaba. umsindisi wezimboni, ohulumeni bomhlaba eYurophu nase-United States ngaphansi kokudideka kwenkinga yezimali njengokungathi kutholwe izimboni, indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa izinga lokuqashwa, i-China yizwe eligubhayo, umcabango wagcina utholile uChris ubuhle, ithuba elihle lokuba dala ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni lomhlaba, bonke ubuchwepheshe, imboni yokukhanyisa imatasa ebizwa ngezimali zikahulumeni, ukwesekwa, uxhaso lwemboni ye-LED, inzondo hhayi ubusuku bonke ekukhanyeni kwe-LED ukuze kuthathelwe indawo kunoma iyiphi indawo yomhlaba, ngokushesha ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa omhlaba kabili, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimboni ezihlukahlukene zaseShayina inzondo ayinakwabelwa bonke abanqwabelene embonini ye-LED ngokusho kwalokho okubizwa nge-500 billion noma ngisho nezigidigidi zamadola "zekhekhe elikhulu".
Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Ubuchwepheshe bethu bokukhanyisa i-LED bufinyelele ubusuku obubodwa bungakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sawo wonke amazinga okukhanya? Ake sibhekisise izinga lomhlaba kanti izinga lasekhaya kulo mkhakha liyisiphi isimo?
A, Europe,
Imakethe: Ukuqaphela kwabantu baseYurophu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvuthwa okwengeziwe, ukwamukelwa komkhiqizo wokuvikela imvelo kuphakeme, futhi i-European Union ekuqaleni yayihlongoze ukuthi kuqedwe isibani se-incandescent somthetho ofanele sekuqalile, ohulumeni emkhakheni wokufaka isicelo. izibani ezonga amandla kanye nezibani ze-LED ziye zafaka uhlelo lokuxhaswa (uxhaso lwentengo yomkhiqizo ka-30% ~ 55%), ngakho-ke emkhakheni wezwe, imakethe yaseYurophu ekusetshenzisweni kokukhanyisa kwe-LED yokuthandwa kanye ne-TuiGuangLv iphezulu, yamanje kwamanye amazwe amakhulu aseYurophu isivele inesitolo esikhulu sokuthengisa esingaphansi kwe-10 w isibani se-LED nemikhiqizo yesibani, ukukhanya kwe-European of Philips kanye ne-osram lighting fair e-Frankfurt ngo-2010 isicelo esikhulu kuchungechunge lomkhiqizo wayo, futhi yaqala ukwakhiwa nokukhuthazwa. yamashaneli emakethe.
Ubuchwepheshe: ngoba amazwe e-eu ekwakheni izindinganiso ezihlangene ngokuvamile ngenxa yezithakazelo ezahlukene kanye nendawo yokuqala, abangela amasistimu amaningi futhi amise ukuvilapha, ukufinyelela kwemakethe yaseYurophu kumazinga afanele kanye nomkhawulo wezobuchwepheshe kukhululekile, i-CE yokukhanyisa isimo esiqinile. (I-SSL) ubuchwepheshe bokubuyekeza okusalungiswa ukuze kuqhubeke iningi lereferensi kwezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe zomthombo wokukhanya ovamile, azinalo izinguquko ezinkulu.
Ibhizinisi: njengoba ama-Philips amakhulu aseYurophu kanye ne-osram aqale eminyakeni engu-2000 edlule noma atshale kakhulu isisekelo sokucwaninga kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa i-LED, okuhlanganisa i-osram e-LED emhlophe enezinto ezikhanyayo sekuholele, kodwa i-osram eminyakeni yamuva ithengiswe ekuthengisweni kwemakethe. i-encapsulation of white light bead e-Indonesia, emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ejwayelekile izinhlobo zokukhushulwa akuvamile, futhi ikakhulukazi kugxilwe ku-interior ball bubble lamp kanye ne-lamp module class promotion; I-Philips ibe yinzuzo, nenhloko-dolobha yayo emkhakheni wesicelo se-LED kuqala ukuthenga inkampani ye-lumileds yaseMelika inezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe nezinye izikimu, kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kanye ne-patent ehlobene ngemva kokumba izimayini emakethe yezwe laseChina futhi ibheka amabhizinisi atholakalayo aphezulu enza ukukhiqizwa kwe-OEM yena, kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile kakhulu kanye nama-oda amakhulu acindezelwe we-OEM njengesiyengo sokukhulisa inzuzo yebhizinisi.
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlukile: ama-philips kanye nokukhushulwa kwe-osram emkhakheni wokukhanyisa kwe-LED kuzogxila ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika eminyakeni engu-2012 edlule, i-Wolf emabhizinisini asungulwe ngokusebenzisa izwe laseChina ngemuva kuka-2012 ukungena emakethe yase-Asia, ngolwazi oluqoqiwe lwaseChina umkhakha wobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo ukuze bathole inzuzo.
Okwesibili, iMelika
Imakethe: ngenxa yethonya lenkinga yezezimali, abantu baseMelika baqala ukuqoqa i-calculator phezu kwazo zonke izindleko zayo, ngoba iqiniso lentengo liphakeme kunokukhanyisa kwendabuko, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-LED ibilokhu inomusa waseMelika ukungabaza nokubona, ngakho-ke emakethe ngayinye enkulu kanye nesitolo esikhulu, okwesikhashana futhi asikwazi ukubona izitolo zemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED kanye nokukhushulwa kwezinga elikhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile ungabona ngezinye izikhathi amanye amandla kagesi aphansi wethoshi kanye nemikhiqizo emincane yokukhanya ebusuku.
Ubuchwepheshe: amaMelika aqinile kakhulu mayelana nokufinyelela emakethe, ngaphezu kwezinga lenkanyezi yamandla, ukukhanyisa okuqinile kwe-UL okusalungiswa okujwayelekile kuyakhiwa futhi kuthuthukiswe, kodwa futhi kuhambisana namanye amazinga okufinyelela nawo athuthuka kancane kancane futhi izingxoxo, kuyilapho Imikhiqizo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LED iYurophu futhi i-United States yenza inkampani yama-chip ibe yinto ethandwayo, enkulu ngokushesha yawela emakethe yabathengi yomfutho womhlaba, kodwa ngenxa yemali yesitifiketi se-UL ebiza kakhulu futhi enzima, imakethe yezibani ze-LED eNyakatho Izilinganiso eziqalwe ngempela zemakethe yaseMelika zizoba ngemuva kuka-2012.
Ibhizinisi: e-United States CREE, ama-lumileds, izinkampani ezifana ne-bridgELux LED iqembu lamabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-chip e-LED abambe ngokuqinile ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko be-LED chip fool emhlabeni jikelele ubuchwepheshe be-LED bube ngokuphelele bungakwazi ukuthatha indawo yokukhanyisa bendabuko, imboni ye Umhlaba - China, ukuqala ucwaningo lwemikhiqizo yesicelo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa, sidinga imikhiqizo yakho, imakethe yase-US ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-70% wenzuzo yenzuzo ephakathi nendawo efinyelela ephansi yenani elikhulu lenhlangano yesicelo ethenga imikhiqizo yabo. , ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlangano eholayo yenhlangano noma inyunyana isebenzela ngisho nezabo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinga lobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo, ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza e-Mainland China njengobuchwepheshe babo obungavuthiwe bokufakazela.
Okunye ukuhlaziywa: amaMelika aseMelika emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe be-LED njengezinga lesibili, kodwa ukukhuthazwa kwebhizinisi laseMelika kusezingeni lomhlaba ngokuphelele, i-nakamura evela enkampanini ye-CREE yabeka laba ababili besuka eJapane baya e-United States bangabona ukuphuma, amaMelika njengengwe elambile, imboni ye-LED, ngeke ayeke umzamo wokusebenzisa amandla abo kanye nobuholi bemakethe ngokuqinile ekulawuleni uchungechunge lwezimboni zesixhumanisi esiphezulu, isetshenziselwa ukubamba lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iningi lamakhekhe emakethe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-500.
Ezintathu, e-Asia, eJapane, eSouth Korea naseTaiwan
Imakethe: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-LED blu-ray bokwenziwa amaJapane eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ngakho umphakathi waseJapane wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhanyisa izibani ze-LED unomdlandla omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ngakho imakethe yaseJapane yokusekelwa kwesicelo se-LED inkulu kakhulu, inamandla. amaphuzu emikhiqizo ye-LED eminyakeni yamuva, uhlelo lukahulumeni, imikhiqizo ye-LED ekukhuleni kokuthengiswa kwemakethe yaseJapane bekuhamba phambili kakhulu kunamanye amazwe; Ezindaweni zaseNingizimu Korea naseTaiwan ezinokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor evuthiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-r&d, njengamanje ku-70% wokwenziwa kwe-chip LED okusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni kwenziwa kule ndawo, ngisho ne-Japan, isakhamuzi, i-osram, i-American bridgelux, cishe iningi labo ukukhiqizwa kwe-OEM eTaiwan.
Ubuchwepheshe: kuze kube manje namanje iJapane iphethe ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe be-LED, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-phosphor bebanga eliphezulu obusetshenziswa emaphaketheni, kodwa ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kobuchwepheshe baseJapane, abantu baseShayina bathola njalo ubuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo ye-ErSanLiu yomunye umuntu, kanye ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubhekana nengozi yezimangalo zokwephulwa kwelungelo lobunikazi lomunye umuntu. Ngenkathi uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea esekela amandla ezinkampani zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-samsung kanye ne-LG backlit LED chips, i-LED chip eyenziwe ngumuntu iphelile noma ukunyuka kwentengo.
Ibhizinisi: kubuchwepheshe be-LED ukusuka phezulu kuya ekuhlanganiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwebhizinisi kungasho ukuthi isiJapanese, isiKorea, iTaiwan ingelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu, amaJapane kuphela eJapane, iToyota, imboni yamakhemikhali ye-mitsubishi LED ngamabhizinisi ane-chip yezinga lokuqala, iphosphor kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, isakhamuzi saseJapan, esibukhali, i-samsung, i-LG ibalwa ngemikhiqizo yokupakisha efana nemakethe ephezulu, kuyilapho i-Taiwan wafer, ukukhanya, inqwaba yezinkampani ezifana ne-force, i-lite-on yaba isisekelo se-OEM esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ukuhlaziya okunye: I-Japan ne-South Korea inesisekelo esihle sobuchwepheshe kanye namandla kahulumeni okukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemakethe, i-LED ephukile ikhekhe, izoba njengeqembu lezimpungushe, ilandele eduze ijubane lenzuzo yemboni yokuhlukanisa phezulu. ekupheleni, waphonsa imikhiqizo ErSanLiu nobuchwepheshe emakethe Chinese, China ufuna ukuphanga? Ubunzima obulinganiselwe bukhulu.
Okwesine, uchungechunge lwezimboni ezwekazini laseChina
Njengamanje, ngokwenyuka kwengcindezi yokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa intuthu ephumayo ngaphambi nangemuva kuka-2007, uhulumeni waseShayina wethule izinqubomgomo nezindlela ezehlukene ezisekela imboni ye-LED. Manje inosayizi wosayizi noma isizoba nabakhiqizi bama-chip abaphakathi nendawo abangaphezu kuka-30, abanemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ephakathi nendawo njengendikimba eyinhloko yebhizinisi ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-pearl river delta kanye nesifunda sase-Yangtze River delta, ukukhiqizwa kwayo. ibalwa ku-60% womkhiqizo ophelele womhlaba, imikhiqizo yohlelo lokusebenza lwetheminali engezansi yomfula mikhulu kakhulu, ngokuhlanganisa okulinganiselwe kwe-LED nokusebenza, amabhizinisi amakhulu namancane endaweni yase-shenzhen acishe abe ngu-3000.
Ngokuqhubeka nokudukisa inqubomgomo kahulumeni, ukugqugquzelwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezwekazi kanye nokwethulwa kwezimali ezinkulu, kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu kahulumeni, izinkampani ezisohlwini, imali eyibhizinisi, futhi zinemali kubasi, izinkampani ze-LED manje zikhombisa ukudideka, igagasi elihamba phambili phezu kwamagagasi. umfutho oqinile nokunaka embonini ngokunaka okuncane kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "okukhulu" kusungula izwe lonke, futhi ngisho nomhlaba wonke wepaki yezimboni ye-photovoltaic phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule okungenani abaningi njenge-50, yini ngaphezulu, ngisho nabanye. izifunda ezintathu zezinga lesi-4 namadolobha kuthiwa akha ipaki yemboni ye-photovoltaic enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, asazi lezi okuthiwa “ezinkulu” ikusasa lebhizinisi, sikhathazeke ngomphumela walokhu rush kuyinto resin cross field. Ukuncintisana kwamanani anonya, ekugcineni bekungaba isikhulu esikhulu, impahla, hhayi kuphela ukuphela kokuchithwa kwezinsiza, umhlaba futhi uhlakazeke endaweni, futhi ekugcineni kusukela kumnqobi wokulwa egazini kungabamba kalula yi-giant international lighting. noma inhloko-dolobha yamazwe ngamazwe, imboni ye-LED ekugcineni yenza kwabanye JiaYiChang kusazobonakala.
Thatha idolobha i-zhongshan guzhen, isibonelo: nakuba ukuwa kwezinkinga zezimali zamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2008 kwaholela ekubhapathizweni kwemboni yokukhanyisa i-guzhen, kodwa ngenxa yemakethe eqinile yabathengi baseShayina, idolobha i-zhongshan guzhen lisevutha amalangabi okwamanje, umfutho wokumaketha awulahlekelwa ukuthinta kwakhe. Njengemboni yezibani ze-LED, idolobha libonakala lingeniswe ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu "kwentwasahlobo", uhulumeni wasekhaya wesifiso sokuvelela kanye nengqungquthela yenhlangano kazwelonke ye-semiconductor kanye nemifelandawonye, ngethemba ngosizo lwe-semiconductor yokukhanyisa i-dongfeng ukudala ukukhanya kwe-LED emhlabeni jikelele. imakethe kanye ne-agglomeration yebhizinisi.
Cabanga kancane, okwamanje edolobheni lasendulo ibhizinisi igama elibizwa ngokuthi "akukho okungcono (ikhwalithi), kuphela intengo ephansi ()". "yehlulekile ukuvela ngenxa yemikhiqizo ehlobene kazwelonke yamazinga ahlanganisiwe kanye nesistimu yokufinyelela emakethe eqinile nokuqondisa, embonini ye-LED ebonakala sengathi i-chaoyang ayikaqali, yayibeke imboni ingcolile, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, ukusebenza akuzinzile, kubangele kakhulu umbono omubi engqondweni yabathengi, kulabo abafuna ukwenza umkhiqizo ophelele ngempela, baphikelele kwezobuchwepheshe, izinkampani zekhwalithi ezilwela ukusinda.
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlukile: Amabhizinisi aseShayina e-LED manje njengasendle adla ukuze agweme iqembu lezimvu otshanini, njalo ucabanga ukuthi utshani bukhulu ngokwanele, angadla okwenzayo, kodwa lo mncintiswano ongenabulungiswa isikhathi esingakanani? Ngemva kokulwa kabuhlungu omunye nomunye kuwumphumela umvini ngenxa noma ngemva ezikhula kanzima international ukukhanyisa imidondoshiya egameni inkontileka noma ukuthenga kancane kancane.
Hero, sikubiza izimboni ulangazelela "isimangaliso", kodwa iphupho kumele yakhelwe phezu ukuqina wenze kahle izinga lomkhiqizo futhi unake ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya kuphi, ungahambi ukuqwashisa ibhizinisi brand akukude. ithemu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-10-2016